Clinical application and research progress of angle Kappa in ophthalmic surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The human eye has various axes and angles, of which the angle Kappa is an important indicator of the centrality of the human eye and is widely used in ophthalmic surgery. Proper preoperative evaluation and application of the angle Kappa facilitated the achievement of optimal postoperative visual quality. Chord mu is a new term that has emerged recently to better express the angle Kappa. The two concepts are not well understood clinically, limiting their usefulness. Therefore, to better understand the angle Kappa and chord mu, the definitions and connections between them are presented separately in this paper. Meanwhile, the application of angle Kappa in strabismus surgery was summarized, the method for compensating large angle Kappa in corneal refractive surgery and the clinical significance of angle Kappa in predicting postoperative centrality of multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)in phacoemulsification combined with MIOL implantation were discussed, with a view to providing references for clinical work.

Bispecific sigma-1 receptor antagonism and mu-opioid receptor partial agonism: WLB-73502, an analgesic with improved efficacy and safety profile compared to strong opioids

Opioids are the most effective painkillers, but their benefit-risk balance often hinder their therapeutic use. WLB-73502 is a dual, bispecific compound that binds sigma-1 (S1R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptors. WLB-73502 is an antagonist at the S1R. It behaved as a partial MOR agonist at the G-protein pathway and produced no/unsignificant β-arrestin-2 recruitment, thus demonstrating low intrinsic efficacy on MOR at both signalling pathways. Despite its partial MOR agonism, WLB-73502 exerted full antinociceptive efficacy, with potency superior to morphine and similar to oxycodone against nociceptive, inflammatory and osteoarthritis pain, and superior to both morphine and oxycodone against neuropathic pain. WLB-73502 crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds brain S1R and MOR to an extent consistent with its antinociceptive effect. Contrary to morphine and oxycodone, tolerance to its antinociceptive effect did not develop after repeated 4-week administration. Also, contrary to opioid comparators, WLB-73502 did not inhibit gastrointestinal transit or respiratory function in rats at doses inducing full efficacy, and it was devoid of proemetic effect (retching and vomiting) in ferrets at potentially effective doses. WLB-73502 benefits from its bivalent S1R antagonist and partial MOR agonist nature to provide an improved antinociceptive and safety profile respect to strong opioid therapy.

Research progress of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis / 国际中医中药杂志

Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction combined with drugs taken internally or external therapy show the benefits for rheumatoid arthritis patients. It can control the clinical symptoms such as swelling and pain of the joints, reduce inflammatory indicators, and has less adverse reactions. Modern pharmacological researches show that it can regulate a variety of inflammatory signaling pathways to achieve anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, induce apoptosis of synovial cells, resist bone damage, and regulate immunity with multiple treatment targets to rheumatoid arthritis.

Determining the protective effects of Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules against acute DSS-induced enteritis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolomics / 中国天然药物

Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules (MMRAC) is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis (AE) and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang (China) for many years. However, the potential therapeutic mechanism of MMRAC for AE and its regulatory mechanism on host metabolism is unclear. This study used fecal metabolomics profiling with GC/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of MMRAC on a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mouse model of AE. Fecal metabolomics-based analyses were performed to detect the differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was used to assess the altered gut microbes at the genus level and for functional prediction. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis was used to integrate differentially expressed metabolites and altered bacterial genera. The results revealed that six intestinal bacteria and seven metabolites mediated metabolic disorders (i.e., metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, cofactors and vitamins, and lipid) in AE mice. Besides, ten altered microbes mediated the differential expression of eight metabolites and regulated these metabolisms after MMRAC administration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that AE is associated with metabolic disorders and microbial dysbiosis. Further, we present that MMRAC exerts protective effects against AE by improving host metabolism through the intestinal flora.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

@#Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a condition which is associated with Coronavirus that mimics Kawasaki Disease (KD) where organ dysfunction is evident which includes the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs. This report describes the first case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children in Region 1. Our patient is a 3 year old female who presented with sudden onset of high grade fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea, a month after recovering from COVID-19 infection. On admission, the patient was irritable, febrile with conjunctiva! erythema, reddish dry lips, slightly distended and non-tender abdomen, erythematous rash over umbilicus, feet and hands, minimal edema of hands and feet. Laboratories requested showed elevated inflammatory markers, elevated BNP, Troponin I, elevated D-dimer, fibrinogen and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) (Appendix A,B,C,H). 2Dechocardiography showed left ventricular dysfunction, moderate mitral regurgitation, minimal pericardia! effusion and right coronary artery ectasia (Appendix F). On second hospital day, she had hypotension hence was transferred to Intensive Care Unit which required initiation of inotropes and close care monitoring. Intravenous lmmunoglobulin (IVlg) and corticosteroids were also started. She was discharged stable and improved on seventh hospital day with a repeat 2D-echocardiogram showing improved left ventricular function and decrease in right coronary artery dilation. Prompt recognition of this syndrome allows clinicians to acquire appropriate laboratory testing, initiate treatment and provide families with accurate prognostic information.

Masterpiece of reconstruction of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine-revelation of / 中国针灸

For the first time, at the early Ming Dynasty, the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are integrated with clinical diagnosis and treatment system in

Application and clinical significance of TCGA molecular classification in endometrial cancer / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To explore the application and clinical significance of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) molecular classification in endometrial cancer (EC).Methods:Sixty-six EC patients collected from December 2018 to March 2021 from Peking University People′s Hospital were categorized into four subgroups based on TCGA molecular classification tested by next generation sequencing. The correlation among four molecular subgroups and the clinical-pathological features including prognosis were analyzed.Results:(1) Clinical and pathological features: median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range: 24-78 years). The cases were distributed as follows: 3 (5%) cases DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) ultra-mutated, 11 (17%) cases high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) including 2 Lynch syndrome, 42 (64%) cases low copy-number (CN-L) and 10 (15%) cases high copy-number (CN-H). There were significant differences among four subtypes in the combination of other tumors, tumor family history, surgical method, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO, 2009) stage, depth of muscle invasion and lymph vascular space invasion (all P<0.05). The proportions of patients in CN-H subgroup with advanced FIGO stage (stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ), deep muscle invasion and positive lymph-vascular space invasion were significantly increased. There were no significant differences in age, menopausal status, body mass index, metabolic syndrome-related complications, preoperative serum CA 125 and human epididymis protein 4 levels, tumor size, pathological grade (only endometrioid cancer), and lymph node metastasis among the 4 TCGA molecular types (all P>0.05). (2) Immuno-related molecular analysis: among 66 EC patients, 27 patients underwent immunohistochemical analysis of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein, and 28 patients underwent tumor mutation burden (TMB) detection. POLE and MSI-H subgroups contained TMB than those in CN-L and CN-H ( P<0.05).(3) Prognosis: the median follow-up time was 10 months (range: 0-28 months). The progression-free survival rate of TCGA molecular types were 100% (POLE ultra-mutated), 100% (MSI-H), 98% (CN-L), and 80% (CN-H) respectively and had significant differences ( P=0.034). The overall survival were 100% (POLE ultra-mutated), 100% (MSI-H), 98% (CN-L), and 90% (CN-H) respectively, but there were not statistically significant difference ( P=0.361). POLE ultra-mutated and MSI-H subgroups had the best survival, while CN-H had the worst. Conclusion:TCGA molecular classification has feasibility and clinical value in clinical application of EC, which is helpful to identify the prognosis of patients.

Mu-opioid receptors in the paraventricular nucleus regulate ejaculatory behaviors via the sympathetic nerve system in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the ejaculatory behaviors of male rats and its potential mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Male SD rats with normal ejaculation ability were mated with female ones in hormone-induced estrus. After bilateral PVN microinjection of D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAGO) or D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) with an inserted catheter, the male animals were observed for mount latency (ML), mount frequency (MF), intromission latency (IL), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation latency (EL), ejaculation frequency (EF), post-ejaculation interval (PEI), and intromission ratio (IR). The lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) of the rats was recorded using the PowerLab data acquisition hardware device, and the levels of norepinephrine (NE) in the peripheral plasma were measured by ELISA following microinjection of saline or different doses of DAGO or CTAP.@*RESULTS@#Neither CTAP nor DGAO significantly affected the ML of the male rats (P > 0.05). DGAO remarkably increased IF (P < 0.01) and MF (P < 0.01), prolonged IL (P < 0.01), EL (P < 0.01) and PEI (P < 0.01), and reduced EF (P <0.01) and IR (P < 0.05). On the contrary, CTAP markedly decreased IF (P < 0.01) and MF (P < 0.01), shortened IL (P < 0.01), EL (P < 0.01) and PFI (P < 0.01), and elevated EF (P < 0.01) and IR (P < 0.01). Additionally, DAGO decreased LSNA in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the NE level in the peripheral plasma. CTAP, however, not only offset the effects of DAGO on LSNA, but also significantly increased LSNA.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MOR in PVN inhibits ejaculatory behaviors in male rats by weakening LSNA, which has provided some theoretical evidence for the use of highly selective opioids in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Effect of moxa-cone moxibustion at lung's back- / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxa-cone moxibustion at lung's back-@*METHODS@#Sixty SPF-grade healthy male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an LY294002 group (LY group), an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a moxibustion group, 12 mice in each group. Asthma model was replicated by using ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. Except the mice in the normal group, all the mice were intraperitoneally injected with sensitization solution (containing 15 μg of OVA and 30 mg of aluminum hydroxide) on the 1st day, 7th day and 14th day, 0.5 mL per mice; from the 15th day, 1% OVA solution was atomized for 20 min, once a day for 2 weeks; the mice in the normal group was treated with identical operations but with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The mice in the LY group were treated with injection of LY294002 at tail vein on the 13th day, 14th day and 15th day. At the beginning of the 15th day, The mice in the EA group were treated with EA at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Zhongfu" (LU 1) with disperse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/20 Hz, intensity of 1 mA, 15 min each time, once a day for 2 weeks. The mice in the moxibustion group was treated with moxa-cone moxibustion at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Zhongfu" (LU 1) from the 15th day, three moxa-cones per acupoint, once a day for 2 weeks. On the 16th day, 18th day and 22nd day, the incubation period of asthma was recorded. On the 29th day, all the samples were collected. The expressions of IL-17 and IL-10 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA method. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The percentage of Th17, Treg and Th17/Treg ratio in spleen tissue were detected by flow cytometry method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the incubation period of asthma in the model group was significantly shortened (@*CONCLUSION@#The Th17/Treg is imbalanced in asthmatic body. The moxibustion at lung's back-

Comparative study on effect of electroacupuncture at lower -sea point of stomach and -sea matching front- points for gastroparesis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy difference of electroacupuncture at lower -sea point and -sea matching front- points for the treatment of gastroparesis.@*METHODS@#A total of 63 patients with gastroparesis were randomly divided into a lower point group (group A, 32 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a matching points group (group B, 31 cases, 1 case dropped off). The group A was treated with electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), and the group B was treated with electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12). Both groups were treated with continuous wave (2 Hz in frequency) for 30 min, once a day, 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) score, gastric half-emptying time (T) and the 180 min gastric residual rate of the two groups before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical effective rate was compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the total GCSI scores, T and the 180 min gastric residual rates in both groups were lower than those before treatment (<0.01), and the 180 min gastric residual rate and T in the group A were lower than those in the group B (<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the group A, which was superior to 70.0% (21/30) in the group B (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture at lower -sea point and -sea matching front- points can both be used to treat gastroparesis, but electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) has a better effect. The acupoints of Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12) may have antagonistic effects.

Mu-Opioid Receptors Expressed in Glutamatergic Neurons are Essential for Morphine Withdrawal / 神经科学通报·英文版

Although opioids still remain the most powerful pain-killers, the chronic use of opioid analgesics is largely limited by their numerous side-effects, including opioid dependence. However, the mechanism underlying this dependence is largely unknown. In this study, we used the withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naloxone to characterize opioid dependence in mice. We determined the functional role of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) expressed in different subpopulations of neurons in the development of morphine withdrawal. We found that conditional deletion of MORs from glutamatergic neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) largely eliminated the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, conditional deletion of MORs expressed in GABAergic neurons had a limited effect on morphine withdrawal. Consistently, mice with MORs deleted from Vglut2 glutamatergic neurons also showed no morphine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Furthermore, morphine withdrawal and morphine-induced hyperactivity were not significantly affected by conditional knockout of MORs from dorsal spinal neurons. Taken together, our data indicate that the development of morphine withdrawal is largely mediated by MORs expressed in Vglut2 glutamatergic neurons.

Study on Electromagnetic Interference Risk of Active Implantable Medical Devices in Multiple Unit Environment / 中国医疗器械杂志

Concerning on the safety risks caused by electromagnetic interference of patients implanted with high-risk active implantable medical devices in the environment of domestic MUs, this study evaluates and focuses on the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility in domestic and international standards for rail transit vehicles, the main mechanism of risks caused by EMI, the actual measurement of environmental data in MUs and the working performance of various active implantables in the compartment. The test results shows that all kinds of active implantable medical device samples works normally in the CRH2A EMU in China, and there is still a large margin between the measured radiation emission in MU and the limit required by the standards.

Mu-Opioid Receptors Expressed in Glutamatergic Neurons are Essential for Morphine Withdrawal / 神经科学通报·英文版

Although opioids still remain the most powerful pain-killers, the chronic use of opioid analgesics is largely limited by their numerous side-effects, including opioid dependence. However, the mechanism underlying this dependence is largely unknown. In this study, we used the withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naloxone to characterize opioid dependence in mice. We determined the functional role of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) expressed in different subpopulations of neurons in the development of morphine withdrawal. We found that conditional deletion of MORs from glutamatergic neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) largely eliminated the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, conditional deletion of MORs expressed in GABAergic neurons had a limited effect on morphine withdrawal. Consistently, mice with MORs deleted from Vglut2 glutamatergic neurons also showed no morphine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Furthermore, morphine withdrawal and morphine-induced hyperactivity were not significantly affected by conditional knockout of MORs from dorsal spinal neurons. Taken together, our data indicate that the development of morphine withdrawal is largely mediated by MORs expressed in Vglut2 glutamatergic neurons.

Efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture combined with for diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture at lower- acupoints and front- acupoints combined with (TXYF) for diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) of liver depression and spleen deficiency, and to explore its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 123 IBS-D patients with syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into an acupuncture+TXYF group, a TXYF group and a medication group, 41 cases in each group. The patients in TXYF group were treated with oral administration of TXYF, three times a day. The patients in acupuncture+TXYF group were treated with oral administration of TXYF and routine acupuncture at Shangjuxu (ST 37), Tianshu (ST 25), Taichong (LR 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36), once a day. The patients in medication group were treated with oral administration of pinaverium bromide, 50 mg, three times a day. All the treatment was given for four weeks. The total score of TCM syndrome scale, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores as well as the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive peptide (VIP) and MAPK signal pathway indicators of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA were compared before and after treatment; the clinical effect was also compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the total score of TCM syndrome scale and SAS and SDS scores in each group were significantly reduced (<0.05), and the scores in the acupuncture+TXYF group were lower than those in TXYF group and medication group (<0.05). The total effective rate was 87.8% (36/41) in the acupuncture+TXYF group, which was higher than 78.0% (32/41) in the TXYF group and 68.3% (28/41) in the medication group (<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CGRP and VIP in each group were decreased (<0.05), and the levels in the acupuncture+TXYF group were lower than those in the TXYF group and the medication group (<0.05). After treatment, the levels of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA in each group were decreased (<0.05), and the levels in acupuncture+TXYF group were lower than those in medication group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The acupuncture at lower- acupoints and front- acupoints combined with TXYF could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve anxiety and depression in IBS-D patients with syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA in MAPK signaling pathway, and reducing the serum levels of CGRP and VIP.

Ultracentrifugation, ExoPerfectTM-MU and PEG6000 for the extraction and identification of seminal plasma exosomes: A comparative study / 医学研究生学报

Objective　No studies have been reported on the comparison of ultracentrifugation, ExoPerfectTM-MU and PEG6000 in extracting seminal plasma exosomes. This article aimed to compare the three methods for the extraction and identification of seminal plasma exosomes. Methods　Semen samples were obtained from 30 healthy donors and randomly divided into three portions, followed by extraction of exosomes from the seminal plasma by ultracentrifugation, ExoPerfectTM-MU, and 8%PEG6000, respectively. The size of the extracted exosomes was measured with the nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA), their morphology observed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and their protein biomarkers detected by Western blot.　Results　Significantly higher expressions of CD63 and TSG101 were found in the exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation than in those extracted by ExoPerfectTM-MU and 8%PEG6000 (P0.05). Compared with the 8%PEG6000 group, the ultracentrifugation and ExoPerfectTM-MU groups showed significantly higher concentrations ([11.90±1.78] vs [21.20±0.98] and [19.74±1.45]×108/mL, P<0.01) and numbers of seminal plasma exosomes under TEM (4.7±1.7 vs 7.0±1.6 and 6.0±1.6, P< 0.01).　Conclusion　Ultracentrifugation, ExoPerfectTM-MU and 8%PEG6000 are all capable of successful extraction and identification of seminal plasma exosomes, but the former two yield more exosomes, the latter one gives a higher purity, and ExoPerfectTM-MU is simple and convenient in operation.

High degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility exists between the five-herb medicine XueBiJing and antibiotics comedicated in sepsis care

Managing the dysregulated host response to infection remains a major challenge in sepsis care. Chinese treatment guideline recommends adding XueBiJing, a five-herb medicine, to antibiotic-based sepsis care. Although adding XueBiJing further reduced 28-day mortality modulating the host response, pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction is a widely recognized issue that needs to be studied. Building on our earlier systematic chemical and human pharmacokinetic investigations of XueBiJing, we evaluated the degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility for XueBiJing/antibiotic combination based on mechanistic evidence of interaction risk. Considering both XueBiJing‒antibiotic and antibiotic‒XueBiJing interaction potential, we integrated informatics-based approach with experimental approach and developed a compound pair-based method for data processing. To reflect clinical reality, we selected for study XueBiJing compounds bioavailable for drug interactions and 45 antibiotics commonly used in sepsis care in China. Based on the data of interacting with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, no XueBiJing compound could pair, as perpetrator, with the antibiotics. Although some antibiotics could, due to their inhibition of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 2B15, organic anion transporters 1/2 and/or organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3, pair with senkyunolide I, tanshinol and salvianolic acid B, the potential interactions (resulting in increased exposure) are likely desirable due to these XueBiJing compounds' low baseline exposure levels. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by 7 antibiotics probably results in undesirable reduction of exposure to protocatechuic acid from XueBiJing. Collectively, XueBiJing/antibiotic combination exhibited a high degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility at clinically relevant doses. The methodology developed can be applied to investigate other drug combinations.

Anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol: Involving attenuation of cyclooxygenase 2 and modulation of mu-opioid receptor / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol (PA), the essential oil isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bent, and determine the mechanism in molecular levels.@*METHODS@#The acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced plantar injection test in mice were employed to confirm the effect in vivo. Intracellular calcium ion was imaged to verify PA on mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and MOR of mouse brain were expressed for determination of PA's target. Cellular experiments were carried out to find out COX2 and MOR expression induced by PA.@*RESULTS@#PA significantly reduced latency period of visceral pain and writhing induced by acetic acid saline solution (P<0.01) and allodynia after intra-plantar formalin (P<0.01) in mice. PA also up-regulated COX2 mRNA and protein (P<0.05) with a down-regulation of MOR (P<0.05) both in in vivo and in vitro experiments, which devote to the analgesic effect of PA. A decrease in the intracellular calcium level (P<0.05) induced by PA may play an important role in its anti-nociceptive effect. PA showed the characters of enhancing the MOR expression and reducing the intracellular calcium ion similar to opioid effect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both COX2 and MOR are involved in the mechanism of PA's anti-nociceptive effect, and the up-regulation of the receptor expression and the inhibition of intracellular calcium are a new perspective to PA's effect on MOR.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture at Gastrointestinal Back-Shu and Front-Mu Points for Post-stroke Constipation / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at gastrointestinal Back-Shu and Front-Mu points for post-stroke functional constipation. Method Sixty-six patients with post-stroke functional constipation were randomized to treatment and control groups, 33 cases each. The treatment group received acupuncture at gastrointestinal Back-Shu and Front-Mu points: Weishu (BL21), Dachangshu (BL25), Xiaochangshu (BL27), Zhongwan (CV12), Tianshu (ST25) and Guanyuan (CV4). The control group took Chinese herbal medicine Liumo Decoction prescribed originally. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. The CCS score was recorded and fecal characteristics were scored in the patients at baseline, during treatment and at follow-up. Result The total efficacy rate was 90.9％ in the treatment group and 42.4％ in the control group. The CCS score and the fecal characteristic score were lower in the two groups after treatment compared with before (P<0.05) and the therapeutic effect was more marked in the treatment group (P<0.05). The CCS score and the fecal characteristic score increased in the two groups at follow-up, but the increments were significantly smaller in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Shu-Mu point combination acupuncture can significantly relieve the symptoms of post-stroke functional constipation and change fecal characteristics. It is superior to Chinese herbal treatment alone.

Characterization of the Mu rhythm during the sleep of children with autism spectrum disorder level 1 / Caracterización del ritmo Mu en el sueño de niños con el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) nivel 1

Abstract: Introduction: Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction. The theory of mind (TM) links social deficiencies in ASD with a difficulty in representing the mental states of other people. The Mu rhythm (8-13Hz) has been studied as an expression of the possible neuronal basis of TM. In ASD, the physiological reactivity of the Mu rhythm to motor events is affected. During sleep, there are also phenomena related to sensorimotor processing. Objective: To characterize the Mu rhythm in the sleep of children with level 1 ASD, ages six to 10, and compare it with control children paired by age and sex. Method: Polysomnographic records for two consecutive nights. The record of the second night was analyzed visually (the first was considered habituation) to identify and select Mu rhythm segments throughout the night. The extracted segments were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform and subsequently with t tests on the data of C3 and C4. Results: A significant difference was found in the power spectrums of C3 and C4t (1, 144) = 3.038, p = .003 and t (1, 144) = -2.301, p = .023, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study are consistent with the morphological and topographic characteristics found in studies conducted during wakefulness. The results suggest that the Mu rhythm is caused intrinsically, without external sensory stimulation, and that there is a difference in this generation in the population with ASD.

Resumen: Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades en la comunicación e interacción social. La teoría de la mente (TM) vincula las deficiencias sociales en el TEA con una dificultad para representar los estados mentales de otros. El ritmo Mu (8-13Hz) se ha estudiado como expresión del posible fundamento neuronal de la TM. En el TEA, la reactividad fisiológica del ritmo Mu a eventos motores se ve afectada. Durante el sueño también hay fenómenos relacionados con el procesamiento sensomotor. Objetivo: Caracterizar el ritmo Mu en el sueño de niños con TEA nivel 1, en edades de seis a 10 años, y compararlo con niños control pareados por edad y sexo Método: Registros polisomnográficos durante dos noches consecutivas. Se analizó visualmente el registro de la segunda noche (la primera se consideró de habituación) para identificar y seleccionar segmentos de ritmo Mu a lo largo de ella. Los segmentos extraídos fueron analizados por medio de la transformada rápida de Fourier y posteriormente con pruebas t sobre los datos de C3 y C4 Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en los espectros de potencia de C3 and C4t (1, 144) = 3.038, p = .003 y t (1, 144) = -2.301, p = .023, respectivamente. Discusión y conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con características morfológicas y topográficas encontradas en estudios hechos durante la vigilia. Los resultados sugieren que el ritmo Mu se estaría generando de manera intrínseca, sin estimulación sensorial externa, y que existe una diferencia en esta generación en población con TEA.

Administration of Electroacupuncture and Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction Has a Synergetic Effect in Relieving Injury of Pancreas, Lung and Large Intestine and Inflammatory Reactions in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of Shu-and Mu-points of Lung and Large Intestine Meridians combined with administration of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) in the treatment of inflammatory injury in rats with acute pancreatitis, so as to reveal their synergetic anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, model, DCQD, EA, EA+DCQD, with 8 rats in each group. All the rats except those in the normal group received a retrograde biliopancreatic duct injection of sodium Taurocholate (3.0%, 0.1 mL/100 g) to induce an acute pancreatitis model. Twenty-four hours after modeling, EA (4 Hz/50 Hz) was applied to bilateral Shu-points "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Dachangshu" (BL 25), and Mu-points "Zhongfu" (LU 1) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) for 20 min, once every 7 h, 3 times in total. Rats of the DCQD and EA+DCQD groups were given intra-gastric gavage of DCQD (1 mL/100 g) 24 h after modeling, and those of the other 3 groups were given intra-gastric gavage of same dosage of normal saline. The histopathological changes of the pancreas, lung and large intestine tissues were observed after H. E. staining and scored according to Schmidt's and colleagues' methods (the severity of edema, inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis). The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in the serum, and those of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the lung and large intestine tissues were detected by using double-antibody sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: After modeling, the histopathological scores of pancreas, lung and large intestine tissues, the concentrations of MPO and MDA in lung and large intestine, and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were significantly increased in the model group compared with the normal control group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: EA and DCQD can relieve the inflammatory injury of the pancreas, lung and large intestine tissues in rats with acute pancreatitis, and EA combined with DCQD has a better synergetic effect in reducing oxidative stress level and inflammatory reaction.